Yanditswe na Valentin Akayezu
Tutiriwe tujya mu mateka ya kure tugafatira Ku myaka ya vuba cyane, Igihugu cy’Uburundi cyagiye kinyura mu bibazo bikomeye cyane ariko kigashobora kubyikuramo neza bitewe gusa no kumenya agaciro k’ijambo “Kuganira”, icyo mu Kirundi bita “Ikiyago”. Ubwo ni ubutwari budasanzwe bunahesha agaciro izina riranga ubunyangamugayo bw’Abarundi ariryo rizwi nk’ “Ubushingantahe”.
Mu 1993, Uburundi bwagize amatora meza y’Intangarugero maze ikigugu UPRONA kitatekerezaga ko gishobora guhangamurwa, gitakaza intebe y’ubutegetsi cyari kimazeho imyaka 31. Ariko kugira ngo ibyo bibashe gushoboka, mu 1992 hari habanje gusinywa Amasezerano y’Ubumwe bw’Abarundi, intandaro yayo ikaba ari ibihe by’umuvu w’amaraso warumaze gutemba I Ntega na Marangara. Mu kugarura umwuka uha buri wese agaciro (iteka), Abarundi biyemeje ko ari bamwe, kandi bagomba kuba mu gihugu basangiye. Amasezerano y’Ubumwe arasinywa, kugeza n’uyu munsi hakaba haba umuhango ngarukamwaka wo kuyizihiza mu Gihugu cy’Uburundi.
Tugarutse ku matora yo mu 1993, yatsinzwe n’Ishyaka (umugambwe) rya FRODEBU rirangajwe imbere n’umukandida waryo Merchior Ndadaye. Nyamara nk’uko Abanyarwanda bavuga, ngo arimo gishegesha ntavura. Nyenicubahiro Ndadaye yaje kwicwa (kugandagurwa) hashize gusa amezi atatu atorewe kurongooora (kuyobora) Igihugu cy’Uburundi. Inyandiko zanditswe, haba mu itangazamakuru, amaperereza, cyangwa abashakashatsi muri za Kaminuza hirya no hino ku isi, zigaragaza ko urupfu rw’uwo Munyacyubahiro (Mboneza/Ndongoozi) rwagizwemo uruhare n’tsinda rito ry’Abasirikare n’Abanyapolitiki b’Abatutsi bakomoka mu Ntara ya Bururi batiyumvishaga uko umuhutu ashobora gutegeka Uburundi, akuye ubutegetsi mu maboko y’Umututsi. Sibyo gusa kuko izindi nyandiko zijya kure zikagaragaza ko intambara yatangijwe na FPR Inkotanyi mu Rwanda mu 1990 nayo yari ifitanye isano n’igadangurwa rya Melikiyoro Ndadaye. Abahanga bamwe bagaragaza ko urebye “Geopolique”y’Intambara ya FPR, byari ikibazo gikomeye kuba yabasha gukomeza urugamba biyoroheye mu gihe Abahutu baba bafashe ubutegetsi mu Burundi.
Kuri iki kibazo, umuntu yakwibutsa ko Uburundi bwa Buyoya bwafashije mu kujya butanga inzira ku basore benshi bavuye mu Rwanda n’Uburundi bajya kwitabira Urugamba rwa FPR, Uburundi nibwo bwari ikicaro cya Radio Muhabura ijwi rihabura rya FPR, Uburundi kandi bwaberagamo ibikorwa bikomeye bya “mobilisation” yo kwegeranya inkunga zo gushyigikira urugamba rwa FPR, tutibagiwe ibikorwa by’ibanga bindi byahakorerwaga, urugero ku kibuga cy’Indege cya Bujumbura ariho hari hakambitse Bataillon idasanzwe y’Abanyamerika yakurikiraniraga mu ibanga urugamba rwa FPR. Byumvikane rero ko mu gihe FRODEBU yari kuba ifite Ubutegetsi, ibi bikorwa byose (Ibizwi n’Ibitazwi) byari kubangamirwa cyane, dore ko na benshi mu bategetsi ba FRODEBU bari impunzi z’Abahutu zabaye mu Rwanda. Ingero nk’ebyiri, Ndadaye ubwe yabaye impunzi mu Rwanda, na Ntaryamira Sipirayini nawe waje kuba Perezida yari impunzi mu Rwanda. Umuntu wese ahita abona neza ko FPR yari guhita ibangamirwa na strategié yayo yo gukoresha igihugu cy’Uburundi kuko ntabwo FRODEBU yari yiganjemo Abahutu yashoboraha kubona impamvu zo gushyigikira urugamba rwa FPR. Ni muri urwo rwego rero bivugwa ko Paul Kagame yagize uruhare rweruye mu itegurwa no mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’iyicwa rya Ndadaye, maze bifasha rya tsinda ry’Abasirikare b’Abatutsi b’Ibururi gufata ubutegetsi ku ngufu maze FPR ikomeze kungukira muri ubwo buryo Uburundi bwari buyobowemo.
Iyicwa rya Perezida Ndadaye ryakurikiwe n’ubwicanyi bukomeye ndetse n’intambara zaje gusozwa no gushyira umukono ku masezerano ya Arusha. Uburyo Abarundi bo mu bice byose bitabiriye gushyigikira aya masezerano ya Arusha, bakayakunda, bakayibonamo, byari intsinzi ikomeye cyane ku gihugu cy’Uburundi, ariko bikaba indorerwamo y’ikimwaro n’isoni ku Rwanda bitewe n’inyota yo kugundira ubutegetsi haba kuri FPR haba kubo yasimbuye batashakaga ko Amasezerano ya Arusha yakemuraga ibibazo Abanyarwanda bafitanye ashyirwa mu bikorwa. Kimwe mu byo Abarundi bakemuye kandi aricyo kibazo nyamukuru bari bafite, n’isangira ry’Ubutegetsi hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi.
Kuva mu mwaka wa 2000 kugera mu 2015, Abarundi bari bamaze kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru aho babonaga ko kuba Umututsi cyangwa Umuhutu atari ikibazo mu mibanire yabo. Iyo ntambwe bari bagezeho yakomeje kubera inkota isonga mu gisebe cy’umufunzo kikorewe n’imitegekere ya FPR irangwa gusa n’ikumira ry’Abahutu n’Abatwa, ikabakoresha nk’agakingirizo ko gutwikira cya gisebe cy’umufunzo. Ibihugu bitera inkunga byakomeje kwereka Kagame ko akwiye kurebera ku Burundi ibirebana no kubanisha mu mahoro Abahutu n’Abatutsi. Nk’uko bisanzwe, kubwira Kagame kwigira ku Burundi kwari ukumwikoreza urusyo atabashije dore ko akunda abamubwira ko ariwe muyobozi w’indashyikirwa muri Afrika. Iyo mitekerereze ya Kagame nita ko ishingiye kuri “Impression politics”, kugirango wenda byumvikane neza, umuntu yabishyira mubyo Madamu Rwigara Shima Diane yitaga “Make-ups politics” bisobanuye tugereranije, na politiki isize mukorogo. Amavuta ya mukorogo uyisize amuhindura umubiri, abantu bakumurebera mu isura yindi itari iye nyakuri. Kagame ntiyigeze yemera ko hari undi watangwaho urugero, maze mu mwaka 2015 yongera kuyoboka rya tsinda bakoranye ibyo mu 1993 noneho kandi bashobora no kwinjizamo abanyapolitiki na sosiyeti civile, maze umushinga wo guhirika ubutegetsi bwa CNDD-FDD uranozwa. Ku muntu ukurikiranira hafi iby’Uburundi atabogamye, ntiyabura kuvuga ko rwose Perezida Nkurunziza yakoze amakosa atari akenewe yo gushaka kugundira ubutegetsi maze bibera urwitwazo rwiza abashakaga ihirima ry’Ubutegetsi bwa CNDD-FDD.
Amagume yo 2015 atangiye, byabereye Kagame uburyo bwiza bwo kwerekana ko bwa buryo bw’imiyoberere y’Uburundi yahoraga asabwa gukurikiza ari baringa. Ubwe yumvikanye avuga ko I Burundi hari gukorwa jenoside ikorerwa Abatutsi kandi adashobora kubirebera. N’ubwo bwose hagaragaye impfu zitandukanye z’abasirikari n’abasiviri b’Abarundi muri kiriya gihe, ariko si ibishidikanywaho ko abasiviri benshi bari binjiye mu mugambi wo guhirika ubutegetsi hakoreshejwe ingufu bityo bakabika ibikoresho bya gisirikari mu mazu yabo n’aho bakorera, binjizwa mu bikorwa by’ubutasi, bikaba byari bigoye gutandukanya umusiviri witwara gisirikari no kumubonamo umusiviri usanzwe. Abanenga Uburundi uburyo bwitwaye muri iki kibazo bajye bibuka ibyabaye mu Rwanda mu myaka ya 1996-2000 mu ntambara z’abacengezi, aho bizwi ko hari abasiviri benshi bivangavanze mu bikorwa by’Abacengenzi bateraga U Rwanda (Ibi byazashakirwa ikindi gihe cyo kuganirwaho).
Ibi bihe bikomeye Uburundi bwinjiyemo guhera mu mwaka 2015, byatumye ubutegetsi bwa CNDD-FDD bunegwa guhohotera abasiviri, kubangamira demukarasi n’agateka ka zina muntu. Ibihugu bikomeye byari byihishe inyuma y’ihindurwa ry’Ubutegetsi, byihutiye gushyiriraho Uburundi ibihano hitwajwe izo mpamvu maze kuvuga. Ntawarondora uko ibintu byagiye bikurikirana, ariko igishimishije n’aho Uburundi bugeze ubu, guhera Aho Perezida Varisito Ndayishimiye afatiye Ubutegetsi. Mu mpera z’Umwaka wa 2021, aho Komisiyo y’Uburundi ishinzwe ukuri no kurekurirana itangarije ibyo yagezeho ku bwicanyi bwakorewe Abahutu mu 1972, byazamuye impaka n’ubwoba bwinshi, bamwe bibaza niba Uburundi butari gusubira mu nzira y’indyane zifatiye ku moko. Nyamara Sebarundi Ndayishimiye yatangaje ijambo rikomeye cyane aho yagize ati mu “Burundi nta Bwoko bwishe”. Iyi myumvire yaje ishimangira ko umwicanyi agomba kureberwa mu ruhu rwe, aho kumwambika umwambaro w’Ubwoko buba bunarimo benshi batemera imigirire ye.
Iryo jambo rya Perezida Ndayishimiye ni ikimenyetso gikomeye kerekana ko imyumvire ya FPR ku bwicanyi bwabaye mu Rwanda ariyo kwamaganira kure. Abibuka ijambo Kagame yavugiye mu kiswe “YouthKonnect” mu 2013 yerekanye ko Abahutu aho bava bakagera bagomba kwikorera urusyo rw’ibibi byakozwe n’abicanyi babakomokamo, bityo bikazababera icyaha cy’iteka ryose. Ibyo kandi bikaza bishimangira imvugo iranga abategetsi b’U Rwanda ruyobowe na FPR ivuga ko “Abahutu bonka ingengabitekerezo yo kwica Abatutsi mu mashereka y’Ababyeyi babo”. Ibi bikaba ari uburyo FPR yabonye bwo gukomeza kurema ipfunwe mu Bahutu ngo batazongera gutekereza bibaho ko bafite uburenganzira bwo kuyobora u Rwanda. Kagame we yanagaragaje ko abo bashyira mu butegetsi biba bisa nko kwihangana ko ahubwo amahanga yagombye kubona ko ntahandi haba “political space” nko mu Rwanda (Kagame put it this way: those claims about human rights, democracy are purely nonsense. There is no any country that gives political space as Rwanda. Us, we have even involved genocidaires in our institutions…). Kuba rero Perezida Ndayishimiye we abwira Abarundi ati “iyo mwibonamo Abahutu n’Abatutsi, mwibagirwa ikintu gikomeye: mwibagirwa ko twese turi Abarundi”, ibyo bizongera bibe inkota igarutse muri cya gisebe cy’Umufunzo kikorewe n’imitegekere ya FPR.
Iki cyumweru gisojwe kigaragaje uburemere n’imbaraga by’Abategetsi b’Abarundi mu gushyiraho umurongo w’Ihumure uhuza Abarundi. Umubonano Perezida Ndayishimiye yagiranye n’Abarundi mu Bubirigi witabiriye n’abantu bari mu basanzwe banenga bikomeye CNDD-FDD ndetse bamwe banayihunze. Pierre Claver Mbonimpa, impirimbanyi ikomeye y’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu (agateka ka zina muntu) akaba yarahungiye mu Bubirigi, yagaragaye yitabiriye uwo Mubonano. Gabriel Rufyiri uyobora ishyirahamwe OLUCOME ryishinze kurwanya ibiturire (Ruswa) akaba azwi nk’utorohera CNDD-FDD yavuye I Burundi aje kwitabira uwo Mubonano w’Abarundi mu Bubiligi. Ibyo kandi bikiyongera ku nama y’Iterambere yabaye mu mwaka 2021 ikabera IBujumbura, akaba ari inama.yitabiriwe n’Abarundi bose babyifuje baba ababa imbere mu gihugu no hanze hatitawe ku murongo wa Politiki bahisemo. Ubwo bushake bwa Perezida Ndayishimiye ni intsinzi ikomeye cyane, igaragaza gusiga kure imitekerereze y’igitugu no gutegekesha iterabwoba biranga abategetsi b’i Kigali. Kagame mu byumweru bibiri bishize aherutse kuvugira imbere y’inteko Ishingamategeko ko kunenga imitegekere ye ari icyaha Imana izabaza utamwemera kandi ko igihano ngo ari ugupfa wangara.
Iyi nama yabereye mu Bubiligi ahakorera ikicaro cy’umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi, wakomeje kujya uvuga ko Abategetsi b’Uburundi bakwiye kwemera ibiganiro n’abatavuga rumwe nabo, byagaragaje imbaraga zikomeye za dipolomasi y’Uburundi kuko ni ukwereka abo bategetsi b’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi hafi y’aho birebera ubwabo ko Abarundi bashoboye kuganira hagati yabo, bicaye mu biganiro bitagira uwo biheza kandi ntawurinze kubaha modèle y’uko ibyo biganiro bigomba kugenda.
Intambwe imitegekere ya Perezida Varisito Ndayishimiye irimo yerekezamo Uburundi, iratanga ikizere ku hazaza heza h’icyo gihugu.